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The Retirement Age - the development and determinats influence over its changes
Nešporová, Stanislava ; Potůček, Martin (advisor) ; Hedbávný, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis generally focuses on pension systems, specifically on the institution of retirement age. This institution is very important for the old-age pension system and its stability. Retirement age is an important determinant of every pension system. Demographic and economic state of society depends, among other things, on age at which citizens can retire, it's associated with standard of living of state residents. It also affects job opportunities. Since its inception the retirement age in the Czech Republic has gone through many modifications. Based on the theory of actor-centered institutionalism, the diploma thesis addresses the determinants that influenced the development of retirement age institute, including its institutional framework and actors involved in its changes. It also deals with its developmental stages. Comparison with the development in Slovakia (in some parts of diploma thesis only) will be enriched the conceptual, empirical as well as methodological realm of the thesis. Czech and Slovak Republics have shared history but the pension systems of both countries have considerably diverged. In conclusion the diploma thesis specifies the wider context of the retirement age as a part of the overall pension system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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healthy life years
Ondrák, Jan ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krbcová, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with life expectancy, healthy life years analysis in selected countries. The begining of this thesis is devoted to explanation of individual concepts, which are used in in this thesys, later it aids on healthy life years indicator and its calculation methods, meaning and usi in practice. It ges on with hypotheses verifying or returning influence of natural, demographic, biological, socio-economic phenomena on healthy life years in selected countries. These countries are: Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Island, Norway. Comparsion was made from the point of view of the EU 27/28 average, individual type sof disability were also evaluated.
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Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other EU countries
Kůrková, Simona ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vrabcová, Jana (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the developement of mortality in the Czech reublic and compare it with mortality in the other EU countries in years 1960-2014. This thesis includes detailed description of basic terms calculation of mortality rates. Selected EU countries are divided into units, i.e. Notrh, South, West and East. Analysis of this thesis was based on infant mortality and life expectancy. The developement of each mortality indiacator is ilustrated by number of graphs, which were created from the Human Mortality database on available datas. Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and other EU countries is examined for both gender in the time series 1960-1990 and 1990-2014. Subsequently the thesis analyses life expectancy at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men separately. There is also analysis of life expectancy annual increase at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men, based on linear regression function in the time of 1960-1990 and 2000-2014. The aim of bachelor thesis is to compare individual mortality indicators among selected states.
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EU-SILC Indicators International Comparison
Trezzi, Bohdana ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Zelený, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on comparison of selected indicators within EU-SILC and project Europe 2020. Data for analysis were used from databases of Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat). Following selected indicators are analysed: employment rate, people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, life expectancy. Trend-cycle series are used for analysis of selected indicators and values predicted for the year 2020 which are then compared with project Europe 2020 goals for countries the Czech Republic and Germany and in this way setting of these goals validated.
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COMPARISON OF MORTALITY STRUCTURE BY AGE IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Sabó, Martin ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pachlová, Tereza (referee)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the comparison of mortality structure by age and includes 194 member countries of the World Health Organization. The aim of the thesis is to confront mortality development in these countries with the help of individual mortality characteristics. At the beginning of this thesis are defined demographic terms and indicators, data sources and calculation methodology. The databases of the World Health Organization and the World Bank were used as the main source of data and all countries were divided into six world regions. The second chapter is devoted to selected types of mortality, namely neonatal and infant, under-five mortality, maternal mortality and adult mortality. After that, the work focuses on life expectancy of 0 and 60 years of age divided per sex. The last chapter is devoted to the optimum retirement age in selected countries. Conclusion connects of the all above well, and we can find there comprehensive information about difference of mortality practically all over the world.
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Analysis of longevity in the Czech Republic and Sweden
Hejnalová, Lucie ; Antovová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dotlačilová, Petra (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is an analysis of longevity issue in Czech Republic and Sweden from 1969 to 2015. This thesis deals with very old old people and their sex structure and summarizes data sources of them. This analysis is concerned with a historical development of longevity and a current situation. Finally is provided a predict futures value of selected indicators in 2035. The forecast is performed using trend functions. The analysis of longevity shows increasing number very old old people in both countries. Between very old old people exist more often women than men. Level longevity of Czech Republic approaches to level of Sweden. The predict shows that number of seniors and very old old people will increase in future.
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The Retirement Age - the development and determinats influence over its changes
Nešporová, Stanislava ; Potůček, Martin (advisor) ; Hedbávný, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis generally focuses on pension systems, specifically on the institution of retirement age. This institution is very important for the old-age pension system and its stability. Retirement age is an important determinant of every pension system. Demographic and economic state of society depends, among other things, on age at which citizens can retire, it's associated with standard of living of state residents. It also affects job opportunities. Since its inception the retirement age in the Czech Republic has gone through many modifications. Based on the theory of actor-centered institutionalism, the diploma thesis addresses the determinants that influenced the development of retirement age institute, including its institutional framework and actors involved in its changes. It also deals with its developmental stages. Comparison with the development in Slovakia (in some parts of diploma thesis only) will be enriched the conceptual, empirical as well as methodological realm of the thesis. Czech and Slovak Republics have shared history but the pension systems of both countries have considerably diverged. In conclusion the diploma thesis specifies the wider context of the retirement age as a part of the overall pension system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Phenomenon of longevity
Krejná, Anna ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Cimrmannová, Tereza (referee)
Thesis entitled Phenomenon of longevity aims to describe and define very actual today Thema longevity. There is also mentioned particularly contemporary view of the phenomenon and its historical development. This work also touches demographics and life expectancy, which is closely linked to longevity. Great attention is paid to the problem spots in the lives of very old people, especially their disadvantaged status. On this chapter is followed also the care and support of life, that is in such high age necessary. Part of the work are also two research projects that enable an insight into the past lives of long-lived seniors in their health and functional status, and especially trying to uncover the causes of longevity.
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Life expectancy , the most common cause of death and illness small dog breeds
Kindlová, Iveta ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
The dog was domesticated approximately 15,000 years ago. We can find large number of breeds of various sizes, types and colours. Small dogs plays an important role in some cultures, religion or society. Most of them were bred in order to meet specific need. Among small breeds of dogs we find bold and hardy terriers, intelligent and funny poodles and bichon or hunting dogs. Durring the domestication of dogs enormous genetic pressure was developed and it was reflected in the health of dogs.
The aim of thesis was to find out the average life expectancy of small dog breeds and to reveal the most frequent diseases and causes of death. Data were obtained from 441 individuals of different purebred dogs with pedigree, 196 males and 245 females. Data of the health profile of individuals came from the Czech Republic and from abroad. The total life expectancy, life expectancy by gender and breeds, death causes, incidence of the disease during life, or whether castration effected life expectancy were assessed.
It was found that the life expectancy of small breed dogs is 11.8 years. The average age of males and females were differed by about three months. The females lived longer. Statistically significant difference was not found. Quite a lot of individuals (45%) were castrated. Statistically significant differences were confirmed between castrated and uncastrated bitches. Neutered bitches lived for about one and a half year longer.
The most common cause of death of small dog breeds became overall age (34.6%). The second one was cancer (26.3%).
Two hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis assumes that females of small breed dogs live longer than males. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The second hypothesis was that one of the predisposing factors for longevity is a long time exposure of the ovary in the body. Neutered bitches up to 8 years of life and uncastrated females live longer than females neutered before (under the age of 5). This hypothesis has not also been confirmed. It was confirmed, that there is a statistically significant difference between castrated and uncastrated females, regardless of the age of castration. Neutered bitches lived for about one and a half years longer. Further, statistically significant differences between castrated and uncastrated females within the breed were confirmed. For Scottish Terrier breed neutered bitches survived for about five years longer than uncastrated females.
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Comparison of the mortality evolution in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic after 1993
Slabý, Michal ; Langhamrová, Jana (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to provide view of evolution and possible changes in death rate in Czech and Slovak Republic twenty years after separation. In thesis, mostly data from life tables and demographic annuals provided by EUROSTAT are used. Firstly are defined and explained basic indicators and methods, which are used to com-pare death rates across time and space. Then ways of data acquisition that are necessary for calculation these indicators and methods are explained. Then is explained death rate and eve-rything connected with this term. In next part evolution of population and age structure is described. After that the thesis continues with death rate at the beginning of life, quality of health care and characteristic of time series, within which specific death rates are counted as well. Next the thesis includes indicators of life expectancy with prediction of future progres-sion of life expectancy in Czech and Slovak Republic. Within prediction regression line was used. Results were then compared to projection of life expectancy provided by EUROSTAT. In the end of thesis we can find total evaluation of progression of both populations within 20 years from separation of Czechoslovakia. In thesis is used number of charts and tables, in which is clearly illustrated particular phenomenon within time interval. With help of these charts and tables, which were for maxi-mal objectivity constructed using data from EUROSTAT only, comments are made for par-ticular phenomena in Czech and Slovak Republic.
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